Finishing our series (part one here, part two here) reporting on changes to the operations of the Mongolian Central Bank we present here the new provisions which will work to solidify and encode in the law the bank’s operations as an independent entity, not directly under the control of the executive branch of the government.
Independence of the Central bank from Government.
The amendments explicitly provide for the independence of the Central bank from the government. It is clear that the government should not provide any direction to the Central Bank regarding the agreements and transactions the bank enters into or in any other matter unless explicitly provided for in the law. The Central Bank of Mongolia should not directly or indirectly grant credit to the Government of Mongolia and may only purchase long and short-term securities of the Government from primary or secondary market except where explicitly provided for in the law.
Granting Credit to the Government
Under the new law, the Central bank of Mongolia may grant temporary credit or buy a short- term Government Bond in order to meet seasonal liquidity needs of the government, subject to repayment before the end of the financial year. If the Central Bank of Mongolia bought bond/securities issued by the Government, it will be added to the credit balance of the Government. In the frame of open market operation, the long -term securities of Government purchased by the Central Bank of Mongolia contingent upon repayment in short terms will not be included in the total amount of the balance of temporary credits.
Supervision of Bank Activities
The Central Bank of Mongolia will have authority to establish procedures, regulations and instructions, and make decisions, and carry out supervision and enforcement activities relating to the licensing to establish banks and operating activities of banks. This includes matters relating to the maintenance of adequate paid in capital and liquidity of bank assets, improving the security of the banking system, and regulation of banking activities for the purpose of protecting the interests of depositors and customers.
New amendment also updated the range of Central Bank’s activities.
In order to implement its objectives, the Central Bank of Mongolia will conduct the following activities:
- issuing and regulating currencies into transaction;
- formulation and implementation of monetary policy;
- acting as the Government’s fiscal intermediary;
- supervision of banking and entities specified in the law activities;
- organizing, reconciling and supervising of local/national payments and settlements system;
- holding and management of the State’s reserves of foreign currencies;
- protecting right and interest of customer, depositor;
- implement balanced/proper macro policy.