Category Archives: Patent Protection

Understanding Inventions and Utility Models in the Workplace



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Innovation plays a crucial role in today’s fast-paced work environment, and employees often create new inventions or utility models as part of their job. But who owns these intellectual property rights—the employee or the employer? Let’s explore the key aspects of workplace inventions and utility models based on employment conditions.

What Qualifies as a Workplace Invention or Utility Model?

Not all inventions automatically belong to the employee who created them. The following conditions determine whether an invention or utility model is considered a workplace creation:

  1. The invention is developed by an employee as part of their job responsibilities outlined in their employment contract.
  2. The invention results from work-related tasks assigned by the employer.
  3. The invention is created using the employer’s resources, such as technology, equipment, raw materials, proprietary information, or expertise.

Employee’s Duty to Inform the Employer

If an employee develops an invention or utility model that meets the above conditions, they must notify their employer in writing as soon as possible. This step ensures transparency and allows the employer to decide on the next course of action.

Who Holds the Patent Rights?

The patent rights depend on the employer’s decision following notification from the employee:

  • If the employer decides not to file for a patent or fails to do so within three months, the patent rights transfer to the employee.
  • If the employer wishes to obtain a patent, they must sign an agreement with the employee (unless the employment contract already assigns this responsibility to the employee in exchange for appropriate remuneration).

When an employer patents an invention or utility model developed in the workplace, they must compensate the employee fairly. Within six months of obtaining the patent (or within one year if the invention has already been in use before patent approval), the employer must:

  • Sign a contract with the inventor-employee.
  • Define payment terms, amount, and procedures for compensation.
  • Consider factors such as the invention’s economic value, potential profits, and contributions from both the employer and the employee.

If an employer fails to finalize a compensation contract, the employee has the right to take the matter to court to determine a fair payment rate and enforce contract execution.

In all other cases not covered by the above conditions, the patent rights remain with the inventor-employee, allowing them to enjoy full ownership and control over their invention or utility model.

Workplace inventions and utility models are valuable assets that benefit both employees and employers. While companies provide the resources and platforms for innovation, employees contribute their skills and creativity. Understanding the legal framework ensures fair recognition and compensation for all parties involved.

If you are an employee or employer dealing with workplace inventions, it’s always a good idea to seek legal advice to navigate the process smoothly. Our professional IP agent will assist you.

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Understanding Patent Application Modifications: Division, Merging, Amendments, Transfers, and Refusals



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When applying for a patent on an invention or a utility model, applicants may need to modify their application for various reasons. This could include dividing, merging, amending, or even transferring the application based on legal requirements. Below, we outline the key aspects of these modifications and what applicants need to keep in mind.

1. Changes Allowed During the Examination Process

After the filing date, applicants can make the following modifications during the substantive examination process, provided they pay the necessary service fees:

1.1 Division of Patent Applications

Applicants may request to split their patent application into two or more separate applications while retaining the original filing and priority date. Each divided application will require its own service fee.

1.2 Merging of Patent Applications

  • If multiple patent applications relate to inventions designed to be used together, they can be merged into a single application.
  • Similarly, utility model applications that are intended for joint exploitation may also be merged.

1.3 Amendments and Changes

legal and technical requirements.

1.4 Transferring Between Patent Types

  • If an invention patent application meets the legal criteria under Articles 8, 9, and 10 of Law on Patent, it may be converted into a utility model patent application.
  • Likewise, a utility model patent application meeting the requirements under Articles 5, 6, and 7 of the Law on Patent may be transferred into an invention patent application.

2. Refusal and Dismissal of Patent Applications

Applicants may voluntarily withdraw or have their patent application refused at any stage of the examination process. However, if a patent application is dismissed and has not been publicly disclosed, it will not be considered part of prior technical knowledge. This means the applicant can submit a new application for the same invention or utility model.

3. Impact of Modifications on Original Application Content

If any modifications change the original content of the filed patent description, the applicant must submit a new patent application instead of an amendment.

Final Thoughts

Understanding these modification options can help applicants navigate the patent application process more effectively. Whether you’re dividing, merging, or transferring your patent, ensuring compliance with the relevant legal provisions is crucial for a successful application.

Making changes to your patent application is easy and flexible—you just need to follow the right steps! If you need help navigating the process, our experts are here to assist you.

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Understanding What Cannot Be Patented: A Guide to Non-Patentable Subject Matter



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Understanding What Cannot Be Patented: A Guide to Non-Patentable Subject Matter

When it comes to patents, not everything qualifies as an invention. Certain ideas, processes, and discoveries are excluded from patent protection for various legal, ethical, and practical reasons. If you’re an innovator, entrepreneur, or researcher, it’s crucial to understand what cannot be patented to avoid unnecessary filings and focus on protectable innovations.

What Is Not Considered an Invention?

The following subject matter does not qualify as an invention and, therefore, cannot be patented:

  1. Scientific Discoveries & Theories – Natural phenomena, scientific principles, and mathematical methods by themselves are not inventions. For example, discovering a new planet or proving a mathematical theorem does not qualify for patent protection.
  2. Computer Programs & Algorithms Alone – While software can be patented under certain conditions, a standalone algorithm or a general computer program is not considered an invention.
  3. Business Methods & Economic Schemes – Methods for conducting business, financial strategies, educational techniques, and mental exercises (such as playing a game) are not patentable.
  4. Urban Planning & Architectural Concepts – The organization and design of buildings, landscapes, and infrastructure projects do not fall under patentable subject matter.
  5. Artistic Designs & Product Shapes – Aesthetic elements related to product design, such as artistic solutions concerning a product’s appearance, do not qualify as inventions (though they may be protected under design rights or trademarks).

Note: If a computer program or algorithm is integrated into a technical solution that contributes to an invention, it may still be eligible for patent protection.

What Cannot Be Patented for Public and Ethical Reasons?

Certain inventions are excluded from patentability due to concerns over public order, ethics, and environmental safety. These include:

  1. Inventions Contrary to Public Order & Morality – Anything that threatens public safety, morality, human and animal health, or the environment cannot be patented.
  2. Living Organisms & Biological Processes – While microorganisms may be patentable, plants, animals, and biological processes for their production (such as breeding methods) are generally excluded.
  3. Plant and Animal Species – Specific breeds of plants and animals cannot be patented under most laws.
  4. Medical Treatment Methods – Surgical procedures, therapeutic treatments, and medical diagnosis methods applied directly to humans or animals are not patentable.
  5. Human Cloning & Genetic Modification – Processes involving human cloning, genetic modifications that alter natural identity, or the industrial/commercial use of human embryos are strictly excluded from patentability.

Understanding these restrictions can help inventors focus on creating patent-eligible innovations. While certain ideas and methods may not be patentable, they could still be protected under alternative intellectual property rights such as copyrights, trademarks, or trade secrets.

By knowing what is not patentable, you can better strategize your intellectual property protection and avoid unnecessary legal hurdles.

✅ “Always consult a patent professional to explore the best options for protecting your innovation. Our firm is here to assist you with your needs.”

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